摘要：<span style="font-family:宋體;">310S（2520）不銹鋼板怎么識別</span> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family:宋體;">我們對不銹鋼的鑒別主要有以下幾種方法</span><span>:<br /> </span><span style="font-family:宋體;">不銹鋼整材</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">其來源一般是鋼廠訂貨或向國外進口以及社會超儲積壓的處理商品等。不銹鋼材的來源不同</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">其鑒別的方法也有所不同。</span><span><br /> 1.</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">鑒別進口或鋼廠訂購的不銹鋼材</span><span>,<span style="font-family:宋體;">310S（2520）不銹鋼板怎么識別，</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;">一般只需根據(jù)進口或鋼廠的質(zhì)量證明書</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">核對鋼材或包裝上的標(biāo)志即可。</span><span><br /> </span><span style="font-family:宋體;">質(zhì)量證明書是供方對該批產(chǎn)品檢驗結(jié)果的確認(rèn)和保證。所以質(zhì)量證明書不僅說明材料的名稱、規(guī)格、交貨件數(shù)、重量和交貨狀態(tài)等</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">而且還必須說明規(guī)定的保證項目的全部檢驗結(jié)果。</span><span><br /> </span><span style="font-family:宋體;">同樣</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">為了便于管理</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">避免混亂和防止因混亂而造成使用事故</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">生產(chǎn)廠在材料或包裝上標(biāo)出牌號、批號、狀態(tài)、規(guī)格、數(shù)量和生產(chǎn)廠代號等標(biāo)志。其標(biāo)出的標(biāo)志與質(zhì)量證明書的內(nèi)容應(yīng)是一致的。<span style="font-family:宋體;">310S（2520）不銹鋼板怎么識別，</span>常用的標(biāo)志方法主要有下列三種</span><span>:</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">涂色</span><span>(</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">在材料規(guī)定部位涂上表明其牌號的顏色</span><span>)</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">、打印</span><span>(</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">在材料規(guī)定部位打鋼印或噴印</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">以說明材料的牌號、規(guī)格、爐罐號等</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">常用于厚鋼板或大、中型型鋼上</span><span>)</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">、掛牌</span><span>(</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">在成捆或成箱的材料上</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">懸掛標(biāo)明牌號、批號、規(guī)格、數(shù)量等的標(biāo)牌</span><span>)</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">。</span><span><br /> </span><span style="font-family:宋體;">不銹鋼材的標(biāo)志</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">一般采用打印和掛牌兩種。</span><span><br /> 2.</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">社會超儲積壓不銹鋼材。根據(jù)超儲積壓時間的長短和保管的好壞</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">一般有兩種情況</span><span>:<br /> </span><span style="font-family:宋體;">一是超儲積壓時間不長</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">保管又好</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">處理單位不僅保存有原始質(zhì)量證明書或抄件</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">而且鋼材或包裝上的標(biāo)志俱全和清晰。<span style="font-family:宋體;">310S（2520）不銹鋼板怎么識別，</span>對于這種不銹鋼材的鑒別</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">同樣只要根據(jù)質(zhì)量證明書核對鋼材或包裝上的標(biāo)志即可。</span><span><br /> </span><span style="font-family:宋體;">另一種是積壓時間較長</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">保管又不完善</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">既無質(zhì)量證明書</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">鋼材或包裝上的標(biāo)志已不明顯或脫落。對于這類不銹鋼材的鑒別</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">主要是要進行深入的調(diào)查研究</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">向處理單位查閱原始單據(jù)。一般來說</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">發(fā)票等原始單據(jù)上都標(biāo)注有鋼號等。如無鋼號記載</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">還須查閱當(dāng)?shù)禺?dāng)時的價格資料</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">以價格來判明鋼號。這是比較有效的確定鋼號的方法</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">但往往容易張冠李戴。因此</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">必須掌握對實物的鑒別方法。</span><span><br /> </span><span style="font-family:宋體;">實物鑒別</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">就是要在不明鋼種</span><span>(</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">號</span><span>)</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">的情況下</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">根據(jù)商品</span><span>(</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">包括整材、余料、廢料等實物</span><span>)</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">固有的物理、化學(xué)性質(zhì)</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">借助簡單的器具</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">用感官來確定它是不是不銹鋼和屬哪一類不銹鋼的具體方法。</span><span><br /> </span><span style="font-family:宋體;">應(yīng)當(dāng)指出</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">感官鑒別不能分清具體鋼</span><span>(</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">種</span><span>)</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">號</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">只能基本上區(qū)別鉻不銹鋼、鉻鎳不銹鋼和鉻錳氮不銹鋼三個大類</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">其鑒別辦法如下</span><span>:<br /> </span><span style="font-family:宋體;">色澤的鑒別</span><span><br /> </span><span style="font-family:宋體;">經(jīng)過酸洗的不銹鋼</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">表面色澤銀白光潔</span><span>:</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">鉻鎳不銹鋼色銀白呈玉色</span><span>;</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">鉻不銹鋼色白稍灰光澤弱</span><span>;</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">鉻錳氮不銹鋼的色澤與鉻鎳不銹鋼相似稍淡。未經(jīng)酸洗的不銹鋼的表面色澤</span><span>:</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">鉻鎳鋼呈棕白色</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">鉻鋼呈棕黑色</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">鉻錳氮呈黑色</span><span>(</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">這三種色澤是指氧化較重的色澤</span><span>)</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">。冷軋未經(jīng)退火的鉻鎳不銹鋼</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">表面銀白有反光。</span><span><br /> </span><span style="font-family:宋體;">用吸鐵石鑒別</span><span><br /> </span><span style="font-family:宋體;">磁石能基本區(qū)別兩類不銹鋼。因為鉻不銹鋼在任何狀態(tài)下均能被磁石吸引</span><span>;</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">鉻鎳不銹鋼在退火狀態(tài)下一般是無磁性的</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">在冷加工后</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">有的會有磁性的。但含錳較高的高錳鋼是無磁性的</span><span>;</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">鉻鎳氮不銹鋼的磁性情況更為復(fù)雜</span><span>:</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">有的無磁性</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">有的有磁性</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">有的縱面無磁性而橫面有磁性。<span style="font-family:宋體;">310S（2520）不銹鋼板怎么識別，</span>因此說</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">磁石雖能基本區(qū)別鉻不銹鋼和鉻鎳不銹鋼</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">但不能正確區(qū)分一些特殊性質(zhì)的鋼種</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">更不能區(qū)分具體的鋼號。</span><span><br /> </span><span style="font-family:宋體;">用硫酸銅鑒別</span><span><br /> </span><span style="font-family:宋體;">將鋼材上的氧化層除去</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">放上一滴水</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">用硫酸銅擦</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">擦后如不變色</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">一般為不銹鋼</span><span>;</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">如變紫紅色</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">無磁性的為高錳鋼</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">有磁性的一般為普通鋼或低合金鋼。</span><span><br /> </span><span style="font-family:宋體;">對于特殊性質(zhì)的鋼種</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">我們還需采取以下三種辦法進行鑒別。</span><span><br /> </span><span style="font-family:宋體;">磨花鑒別</span><span><br /> </span><span style="font-family:宋體;">磨花鑒別是把不銹鋼在砂輪機上磨</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">觀其火花。如火花呈流線形</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">并有較多較密的節(jié)花</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">即為含錳較高的高錳鋼或錳氮鋼</span><span>;</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">如無節(jié)花即為鉻鋼或鉻鎳不銹鋼。</span><span><br /> </span><span style="font-family:宋體;">退火法鑒別</span><span><br /> </span><span style="font-family:宋體;">冷加工的鉻鎳不銹鋼</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">如有磁性</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">可取小塊在火中燒紅讓其自然冷卻或放入水中</span><span>(</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">退火</span><span>),</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">一般來說</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">經(jīng)退火后磁性會顯著減弱或完全消失。但有些鉻鎳不銹鋼</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">如</span><span>Cr18Ni11Si4AlTi</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">鋼和</span><span>Cr21Ni5Ti</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">鋼</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">因鋼中含有較多的鐵素體元素</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">其內(nèi)在組織有相當(dāng)部分是鐵素體。因此</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">即使在熱加工的狀態(tài)下也有磁性的。</span><span><br /> <span style="font-family:宋體;">310S（2520）不銹鋼板怎么識別，</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;">化學(xué)定性法鑒別</span><span><br /> </span><span style="font-family:宋體;">化學(xué)定性法是鑒別有磁性的不銹鋼中是否含鎳的一種鑒別辦法。其方法是</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">將小塊不銹鋼溶解于王水中</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">用凈水將酸液沖淡</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">加入氨水中和后</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">再輕輕注入鎳試劑。如在液面上浮有紅色絨狀物質(zhì)</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">即表明不銹鋼中含有鎳</span><span>;</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">如沒有紅色絨狀物質(zhì)</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">即證明不銹鋼中無鎳</span><span>(</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">但由于不銹鋼中含鎳量低</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">一般只有百分之幾</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">鎳的含量不易顯露或確定多少</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">一般須用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)樣品實驗多次后才能掌握</span><span>)</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">。</span><span><br /> </span><span style="font-family:宋體;">以上幾種鑒別辦法說明</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">用感管鑒別不銹鋼</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">不僅要用幾種方法綜合試驗</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">而且其試驗結(jié)果只能確定某種類型的不銹鋼</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">不能確定鋼中含有哪幾種合金元素和具體含量。因此說</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">感官鑒別的方法</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">目前是極不完善的</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">有的可能是錯誤的</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">還有許多的物理現(xiàn)象</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">還只知其然而不知其所以然</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">有待于進一步探討。</span><span><br /> </span><span style="font-family:宋體;">要正確區(qū)別不銹鋼鋼種的*好辦法</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">是深入調(diào)查研究</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">請有關(guān)檢測單位進行檢測判定。這是正確分清不銹鋼鋼種和質(zhì)量的根本方法。</span> </p>